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Ribosomal insidia bacteria4/12/2023 ![]() ![]() In plant-associated microbiota, root-derived bacteria (RDB), including rhizobiome and endophytes, have been extensively studied to decipher their roles in plant adaptation to salinity for the past decade. Plant-associated microbiota is referred to as the plant’s second genome, because it is not only important for regulating plant metabolism, but also critical for plant immune system. There is no doubt that salt-tolerant plants are more adaptable to salt stress than salt-sensitive (SS) ones.Īlthough salt adaptation in plants is often considered to be driven by genetic differentiation, the microbiota has recently been interpreted as a key factor in plant stress tolerance. The physiological and molecular basis of salt adaptation in plants has been sufficiently proven. When grown under salinity stress, plants may employ several defensive tactics to protect themselves, e.g., forming salt-excreting glands or trichomes, re-establishing cellular ionic, osmotic, and reactive oxygen species equilibrium, and regulating critical developmental processes such as flowering time. Since most crop plants are salt sensitive, it is extremely important to identify effective strategies applied by plants to adapt to salt stress, and to further develop potential approaches to improve plant performance under salinity conditions.īecause of their sessile nature, plants must directly face various environmental challenges and thus have to develop effective mechanisms to cope with biotic and/or abiotic stresses. High soil salinity often leads to ionic and osmotic stresses, and further induces oxidative stress, nutritional disorders, and organ senescence, in plants. More seriously, salinity-affected agricultural soils are increasing at a rate as high as 10% per year, due to poor agricultural practices (e.g., excessive fertilization and saline water irrigation), climate change (e.g., reduced precipitation and enhanced surface evaporation), and industrial pollution. 19.5%) and 32 million hectares of dryland soils ( c. Particularly, in agricultural systems, about 45 million hectares of irrigated soils ( c. 7.5% of the world’s land area) across 100 countries. It has been estimated that salinity affects approximately 1 billion hectares of soils ( c. Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses adversely affecting crop growth and yield. ![]() This study confirms the critical role of salt-induced RDB in enhancing plant adaptability to salt stress. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the consortium, but not individual members of the salt-induced RDB, provided enduring resistance against salt stress. ![]() Plants employed a species-specific strategy to recruit beneficial soil bacteria in the rhizosphere rather than in the endosphere. We observed that although SSs and SRs recruited distinct RDB and relevant functions when challenged by salinity, salt-induced recruitment of specific RDB led to a consistent growth promotion in plants regardless of their salinity tolerance capacities. Moreover, we examined whether functional redundancy exists among salt-induced RDB in enhancing plant adaptability to salt stress. The salt-induced RDB (both rhizobiomes and endophytes) were isolated to examine their effects on the physiological responses of SSs and SRs to salinity challenge. In this study, we measured the composition and variation in the rhizosphere and endophyte bacteria of salt-sensitive (SSs) and salt-resistant (SRs) plants under soil conditions with/without salinity. However, it is still unclear whether and how plants build up specific RDB when challenged by salinity. Root-derived bacteria (RDB) are hypothesized to play a role in enhancing plant adaptability to various stresses. ![]() Salinity is a major abiotic stress threatening crop production. ![]()
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